Drug eruption - 藥疹
藥疹 (Drug eruption)的特徵是影響全身。
relevance score : -100.0%
References藥物引起的皮膚反應（稱為藥疹）有時可能相當嚴重。這些嚴重反應稱為 severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs)，被視為危及生命的情況。其包括類似 Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)、toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)、acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) 以及 drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) 的疾病。雖然 SCARs 很罕見，但約有 2% 的住院患者會發生此類反應。
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
Adverse drug reactions involving the skin are commonly known as drug eruptions. Severe drug eruption may cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), which are considered to be fatal and life-threatening, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although cases are relatively rare, approximately 2% of hospitalized patients are affected by SCARs.
一名31歲女性因右腳背出現無痛性紅斑而就診皮膚科。她在接受皮秒雷射治療痤瘡疤痕前一天服用了強力黴素（100 毫克）。去年，她在雷射治療後服用相同劑量的多西環素，於同一部位出現了類似的問題。她無明顯病史，也沒有局部或全身其他症狀，例如發燒。
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
A 31-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with an asymptomatic erythematous patch on the dorsum of her right foot. She had taken 1 dose of doxycycline (100 mg) the previous day as empirical treatment after picosecond laser treatment for acne scars. She had had a similar episode the previous year on the same site, after taking the same dose of doxycycline after laser treatment. She had no notable medical history, and no other local or systemic symptoms, including fever.
Stevens‑Johnson syndrome (SJS) 和 toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 是嚴重皮膚反應的兩種形式，與其他皮膚病（如重度多形紅斑和葡萄球菌燙傷皮膚症候群）以及一般藥物反應不同。SJS/TEN 為罕見且嚴重的反應，會導致廣泛的皮膚與黏膜損傷，通常伴隨全身症狀。超過 80% 的病例中，藥物是主要原因。
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are variants of the same condition and are distinct from erythema multiforme major staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and other drug eruptions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, acute, serious, and potentially fatal skin reaction in which there are sheet-like skin and mucosal loss accompanied by systemic symptoms. Medications are causative in over 80% of cases.
藥疹的診斷主要依賴病史與臨床檢查，必要時可進行皮膚活檢、血液檢查或免疫學檢查。
常見引起皮疹的藥物包括抗生素與其他抗菌藥、磺胺類藥、非類固醇抗發炎藥（NSAID）、惡性腫瘤化療藥、抗驚厥藥及精神科用藥。
○ 診斷與治療
若出現發燒（體溫升高），應儘速就醫。應立即停用可疑藥物（如抗生素、非類固醇抗發炎藥）。在前往醫院前，可口服抗組織胺（如西替利嗪 (cetirizine) 或氯雷他定 (loratadine)）以緩解搔癢與皮疹。
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Loratadine [Claritin]
血液檢查（CBC、LFT、嗜酸性粒細胞計數）
根據醫師處方口服類固醇和抗組織胺藥